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Chinese and US health diplomacy as a soft power tool during Ebola and COVID-19 epidemics
Kratschmer, Adam ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This master's thesis addresses health diplomacy as a tool of 'soft power' and focuses on a comparative analysis of the health strategies of China and the United States. It examines health policy strategy as a means of influence in three selected African countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. These countries were most affected by the Ebola epidemic, and the thesis tracks how the strategies of the USA and China changed from Ebola to COVID-19 epidemic. The study employs case study methodology and assesses the nature, scope, and course of health diplomacy initiatives of both countries. The analysis is structured according to five key aspects of health diplomacy: aid and assistance, cooperation and collaboration, communication and messaging, long-term investment and partnerships, and impact and acceptance. The findings of the thesis indicate that during both epidemics, the USA provided technical expertise and financial assistance, while China focused on direct aid and infrastructure investment. Even though China tried to create the impression of a reliable global partner, it is evident from the analysis that it mainly preferred bilateral relations and especially strengthened its own influence. Although there was cooperation between the USA and China during Ebola, the dynamics changed during...
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Výskyt Eboly v Africe v letech 2016–2021 a vliv rizikového chování místních obyvatel na šíření původce onemocnění
Horák, Filip
Bachelor thesis provides fundamental informations about the causative agent which includes symptoms, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, prevention and impacts. Theoretic part also contains characteristics of Ebola virus epidemics since its discovery in 1976 until the end of West African epidemic in 2016. The focus of the first segment in the practical part is progress and analysis of epidemics caused by Ebola virus in years 2016–2021 in Africa. This segment also contains informations about financing and about vaccination strategy. Second segment of practical part analyzes survey realized in three african countries (Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria). Survey analyzes awarness, impacts and risky behavior of african citizens due to illnes caused by the Ebola virus.
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Ebola as a medical and social problem
Gantsetseg, Purevsuren ; Hladká, Petra (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: The aim of bachelor thesis is about the preparedness of health care facilities. The unexpected epidemic of Ebola 2014 in West Africa has become an international concern and the preparedness of health care facilities, prevention and control of this disease have become a major issue of concern. Methodology: For the development of the thesis, we chose a qualitative method, a form of research was an interview. The questions were designed in our own creation. The interview was conducted by epidemiological workers in surveyed health care facilities. The main objective of the research was to determine, what the methodologies in health care facilities are during admission and stay of a patient with Ebola. Results: From our analysis, the survey indicates that the organizational structure of hospital care ensures that patient with Ebola are handled according to the Government decree no. 15/2013 and health care facilities proceed according to the directive for unified procedure. In the development of an extraordinary incident, this is subjected to the International Health regulations in relation to the occurrence of highly dangerous infectious diseases in a health care facility. Another finding is that health professionals are familiar with the procedures in care of an Ebola patient by developed...
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Securitising biology: Biological threats and state preparedness in the wake of a pandemic
Artico, Chiara ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee)
64053643 SECURITISING BIOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND STATE PREPAREDNESS IN THE WAKE OF A PANDEMIC ABSTRACT The management of infectious diseases in the realm of public health has shown increasingly overlapping areas with biological warfare preparedness. While the acknowledgement of these common elements is not only frequent but also codified in an international treaty and subject to distinct regulations, research into how these two fields connect is scarce. Potential deliberate use of biological weapons typically leads to intense political mobilisation and ensuing dedication of financial resources. Contrarily, the management of health crises over the last decades has been severely flawed, and no country in the world is considered fully prepared to a pandemic, according to the Global Health Security Index. The current COVID-19 pandemic has recently been further proof of the inadequacy of state-level prevention and preparedness capabilities. This dissertation aims at bridging the existing conceptual gap and policy divide between biological warfare and infectious disease preparedness, and to analyse elements that can be mutually applicable and potentially beneficial. It will do so by establishing analytical equivalence between the securitisation of an artificial biothreat and a nature-borne infectious disease...
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The Role of World Health Organization in the case of 2014 EVD outbreak in Western Africa
Voves, Petr ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
VOVES, Petr. Úloha Světové zdravotnické organizace v případu epidemie viru eboly na území západní Afriky v roce 2014. Praha, 2017. 95 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií. Katedra mezinárodních vztahů. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Irah Kučerová, Ph.D. Abstract The M.A. thesis deals with the World Health Organization's response to the outbreak of the ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2014. The spread of the disease is mapped from its very beginning at the end of December 2013 until the creation of UNMEER in September 2014, which was the first international medical mission ever created by UN Security Council. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the particular problems, which limit WHO's role in a timely and effective response to the public health threats of international concern (PHEIC) under the reformed International Health Regulations (IHR). The response of WHO representatives to the spread of the disease is evaluated taking into account the available material and competence capacities of the organization as well as its previous practice in this field. The specific misconduct of WHO representatives is explained in the context of longstanding WHO's problems, which are mainly linked to the vertical fragmentation...
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Therapeutic approaches to Ebola virus infections
Tomanová, Tereza ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
Ebola virus is a very dangerous virus because of its high mortality rate and unavailability of an approved vaccine or medicament. There was more than 31 000 infected people since the first epidemic in 1976 and almost 13 000 of them died (cdc.gov). Ebola virus usually occures in the west Africa, its occure on the other continents was rare in the past and it was always just one case. There is one exception though, strain Reston of Ebola virus. Strain Reston was spread from Philippines to the USA while deporting macaques. Strain Reston is able to infect people, but there is no case of death after being infected with this strain (who.int). This occurence in the USA was a warning sign of how easily could Ebola virus travel to other continents. If it was one of the deadly strains, the results would be fatal. Ebola virus is a threat and it is necessary to develop effective vaccine and drug. This bachelor's thesis is about the Ebola virus, its genome, life cycle and mainly about the options of therapy of the ebola virus disease. It is focused on presently tested vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus.
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The Ebola Outbreak 2014-2015 and the response of the Czech Republic
RUDLOFOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis is focused on the epidemic of Ebola between years 2014 and 2015 and response of the Czech Republic. The main objective of the thesis is to assess the strategy of the Czech Republic in order to eliminate import of Ebola. The thesis is using study of documents and its effort is a complex overview of the given matters. Used documents are especially information and reports of international and Czech organizations, regulations, expert articles, electronic inquiries and media reports. There was defined 5 research questions. First question is focused on the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic in West Africa. Second question was analysing steps, which were performed within the system of preparedness for highly contagious infections in the Czech Republic. I have divided the whole strategy of the Czech Republic into 10 points. They consist of the enforcing of International Health Regulation (2005), Decision no. 1082/2013/EU of the EP and of the Council, National action plan for the case of event, which is subject to International Health Regulation and two directives, implementation of special measures on international airports, conclusion of cooperation agreements, transmission of information within the Czech Republic, simulation actions and humanitarian aid. Third question was analysing the respondence of arrival cards at the Václav Havel Airport in Prague. Respondence was approx. 40 %. (Jágrová, 2016a) Fourth question is assessing the efficiency of implemented measures using the recorded cases of suspicion. Although there was not any case of infection in the Czech Republic, it may be concluded, that implemented measures are efficient. Fifth question is focused on the assessment of implemented measures and suggestions, how the response of the Czech Republic may be improved. Preparedness of the Czech Republic was assessed as very good by experts. Also it may be concluded from results, that preparedness is sufficient. Suggested measures, how the response of the Czech Republic may be improved, are related to the system of rapid alert of the public, creation of team for humanitarian aid, maintaining of sufficient capacities and realization of simulation actions.
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Ebola as a medical and social problem
Gantsetseg, Purevsuren ; Hladká, Petra (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: The aim of bachelor thesis is about the preparedness of health care facilities. The unexpected epidemic of Ebola 2014 in West Africa has become an international concern and the preparedness of health care facilities, prevention and control of this disease have become a major issue of concern. Methodology: For the development of the thesis, we chose a qualitative method, a form of research was an interview. The questions were designed in our own creation. The interview was conducted by epidemiological workers in surveyed health care facilities. The main objective of the research was to determine, what the methodologies in health care facilities are during admission and stay of a patient with Ebola. Results: From our analysis, the survey indicates that the organizational structure of hospital care ensures that patient with Ebola are handled according to the Government decree no. 15/2013 and health care facilities proceed according to the directive for unified procedure. In the development of an extraordinary incident, this is subjected to the International Health regulations in relation to the occurrence of highly dangerous infectious diseases in a health care facility. Another finding is that health professionals are familiar with the procedures in care of an Ebola patient by developed...
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The EU response to the ebola crisis
Šašinková, Iva
The aim of this thesis is to analyse EU response towards the Ebola outbreak that developed in spring and summer 2014 in Western Africa. The emphasis is put on the EU external action towards the Ebola crisis in the frame-work of the EU development policy and humanitarian aid provided by the EU while identifying the financial framework, institutional structure, key players and the role of the EU Members. It was a common endeavour of whole range of global actors, national governments and many regional or local stakeholders that led to elimination of the threat represented by the Ebola Virus Disease. The European Union traditionally empha-sized multilateral approach that is in compliance with the EU middle power capacities. The de-velopment policy financial mechanisms within the EU have two resources, the EC and the Mem-ber States which cumulatively contributed twice as much as the European Commission to re-solving the crisis.
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